Crimea is a peninsula jutting into the Black Sea south of Ukraine. A look at the country's natural resources: Oil and Gas Ukraine has the second-biggest known gas reserves in Europe, apart from Russia's gas reserves in Asia, although largely unexploited. Ukraine has become a seedbed of conflict between Russia and the West. Germany is also a big consumer of Russia's natural gas. Ukraine Natural Hazards: The agreement lets coastal nations claim what are known as exclusive economic zones that can extend up to 200 nautical miles (or 230 statute miles) from their shores. The main attractions of the Yalta reserve are the Ai-Petri peak, where the cable car leads, the Uchan-Su . [89], Crimea is Ukrainian territory currently occupied by Russia; Ukraine has not relinquished title over the Crimean territory since the events of 2014, Crimea is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. Alushta Embankment. Crimean Tatars, a predominantly Muslim ethnic minority who in 2001 made up 12.1% of the population,[107] formed in Crimea in the early modern era, after the Crimean Khanate had come into existence. [93], According to the 2001 census, 77% of Crimean inhabitants named Russian as their native language; 11.4% Crimean Tatar; and 10.1% Ukrainian. [The 10 Epic Battles That Changed History]. [48] In January mean temperatures range from 3C (26.6F) in Armiansk to 4.4C (39.9F) in Myskhor. Putin has also spoken of Crimea's historic links to Russia and Russia's Black Sea Fleet. [92], According to the 2014 Russian census, 84% of Crimean inhabitants named Russian as their native language; 7.9% Crimean Tatar; 3.7% Tatar; and 3.3% Ukrainian. [78], In the 1990s, Crimea became more of a get-away destination than a "health-improvement" destination. land resources - natural resources in the form of land. 24 min read. There are many Crimean legends about famous touristic places, which attract the attention of tourists. Many of these sanctions were directed at individualsboth Russian and Crimean. "The Crimea! Ukraine Natural Resources: Ukraine has numerous metal resources of iron ore, manganese, titanium, magnesium, nickel and mercury. In the invasion of Crimea, Russia also seized subsidiaries of Ukraine's state energy conglomerate Naftogaz operating in the Black Sea, and stole billions of dollars of equipment for Gazprom, Russia's state-owned energy company. Grain exports are the mainstay of Ukraine's economy. With Russia's movements becoming increasingly suspicious . [18] In English usage since the early modern period the Crimean Khanate is referred to as Crim Tartary.[19]. The US has always been wary of Russia's authority in Europe and the latter's influence is only going to grow stronger now with Ukraine's invasion, particularly in the Balkans, and if it is able to withstand global sanctions. Luke Coffey. [48] Because of its climate and subsidized travel-packages from Russian state-run companies, the southern coast has remained a popular resort for Russian tourists. With a length of 19km, it is the longest bridge in Europe, as it overcame Vasco da Gama Bridge in Lisbon. which is highly dependent on Russian natural gas and requires the unanimous assent of 27 . [74] The trolleybus line starts near Simferopol's Railway Station (in Soviet times it started near Simferopol International Airport) through the mountains to Alushta and on to Yalta. After the Russian annexation of Crimea in early 2014 and subsequent sanctions targeting Crimea, the tourist industry suffered major losses for two years. Some clubs registered to join the Russian leagues but the Football Federation of Ukraine objected. [29] A 1997 treaty partitioned the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, allowing Russia to continue basing its fleet in Sevastopol, with the lease extended in 2010. After Ukrainian independence in 1991, the central government and Crimea clashed, with the region being granted more autonomy. (More than 50 percent of the Crimean economy is devoted to food production and distribution industries, according to Ukrainian government figures.). . Cape Fiolent. Crimea is surrounded almost completely by the Black Sea, and encompasses an area of about 10,000square miles (26,000 square kilometers), roughly the size of the state of Maryland. This video is about being naked in nature and it's called "nudism" Russian justification that this action was taken to protect Russian ethnicity, as declared . The main branches of the modern Crimean economy are agriculture and fishing oysters pearls, industry and manufacturing, tourism, and ports. Thus, much of the gas exploration, as well as production, have been transferred to Russia, due to which Ukraine's resources remain untapped. The energy picture in Crimea and Ukraine is also tricky: Crimea relies on Ukraine for much of its electricity, and Europe relies on Russia for about 25 percent of its natural gas, according to CNN. In the nearby townlet village of Molochnoye, a 1.6km-long tram line provides the only connection between the sea shore and a holiday resort, but its operation is halted since 2015. Over 50 per cent of Ukraine's annual corn and wheat shipments head to Africa or the Middle East. In the ongoing international showdown between Russia and Ukraine, the region known as Crimea has emerged as the top prize a position it has held, for better or worse, for millennia. Ukraine is aiming to clinch the third spot in wheat and fourth spot in corn this year, but the ranking could be missed due to the crisis with Russia. Dnipropetrovsk and the Russian-Ukrainian War (E-International Relations, 2022). When did Democrats and Republicans switch platforms? During the years of Soviet rule, the resorts and dachas of this coast served as prime perquisites of the politically loyal. Ukraine has extremely rich and complementary mineral resources in high concentrations and close proximity to each other. Catherine the Great's incorporation of the Crimea in 1783 into the Russian Empire increased Russia's power in the Black Sea area. The classical name was used in 1802 in the name of the Russian Taurida Governorate. During WWII, they were forcibly deported on the orders of Stalin, as they were regarded as a potential "fifth column". Furthermore, the natural gas that Russia sends to Europe travels largely through pipelines that snake across the Ukrainian landscape. Therefore, it is not surprising that Russia'sUkraine invasion will have a huge collateral effect on the coal and electricity sector. Among the many natural resources can be identified the main minerals of Crimea in short: Fossils of sedimentary origin; Fossils of volcanic origin; Fossils of marine origin. Global food security is the biggest concern if Ukraine's exports are disturbed. Common examples of natural resources include air, sunlight, water, soil, stone, plants, animals and fossil fuels. Natural reserves of Crimea are six objects on the territory of which plants, animals, landscapes and ecosystems are carefully preserved. For the strategy to work, the Crimean peninsula was of strategic importance. Second, it's about natural resources. Further southwest is Tyras/Akkerman/Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi. But it is one of the few nations with a closed-loop production in the titanium industry - from mining and processing of the titanium iron ores to the producer of finished products. [60] Other products produced on the Crimean Peninsula include salt, porphyry, limestone, and ironstone (found around Kerch) since ancient times. Source: Krym.Realii Together the economic and political importance of gas and oil for Russia leads to its need to maintain an energy hegemony in Europe. Older plants in operation include the Sevastopol TEC (close to Inkerman) which uses AEG and Ganz Elektro turbines and turbogenerators generating about 25 MW each, Sinferopol TEC (north, in Agrarne locale) Yepvatoria, Kamysh Burun TEC (Kerch south Zaliv) and a few others. The 1879 census for the Taurida Governorate reported a Jewish population of 4.20%, not including a Karaite population of 0.43%. Russia's reasons for exerting pressure on its smaller neighbor are deeply rooted in economics, history and culture. natural resource, any biological, mineral, or aesthetic asset afforded by nature without human intervention that can be used for some form of benefit, whether material (economic) or immaterial. Across the Black Sea to the west lies Romania and to the south is Turkey. Caffa: Early Western Expansion in the Late Medieval World, 12611475., These numbers exclude the population numbers for Berdyansky, Dneprovsky and Melitopolsky Uyezds, which were on mainland. A look at the country's natural resources: Ukraine has the second-biggest known gas reserves in Europe, apart from Russia's gas reserves in Asia, although largely unexploited. [62] Sunn pestsespecially Eurygaster integriceps[63] and E. maura[64]are significant grain pests. They may be outnumbered, however: While much of western Ukraine favors a greater political, economic and cultural alliance with Western Europe and the United States, the majority of those in eastern Ukraine and Crimea where many residents are ethnic Russians look to Moscow for leadership and support. Greeks colonized its southern fringe and were absorbed by the Roman and Byzantine Empires and successor states while remaining culturally Greek. arable land: 7.3% (2018 est.) [citation needed] In addition, vineyards and fruit orchards are located in the region. [49] Winters are mild at lower altitudes (in the foothills) and colder at higher altitudes. [79] After the breaking up of the Young Pioneers in 1991 its prestige declined, though it remained a popular vacation destination. 1. natural resources - resources (actual and potential) supplied by nature. Page 73, Crimea Dynamics, challenges and prospects / edited by Maria Drohobycky. After the Soviets regained control in 1944, they deported the Crimean Tartars and several other nationalities to elsewhere in the USSR. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Sources and Further Reference Sydnor, Charles S. "The Development of Southern Sectionalism 1819-1848." The Dobra and Donetsk mines were up for grabs and there has been cut-throat competition between Chinese Chengxin Lithium and Australia-listed European Lithium, and both the companies want a foothold in the European lithium industry. [Censuses in Crimean Federal District], " " [Tables with the results of the Federal Statistical observation "Census in the Crimean Federal District"], Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire, Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Transport Workers' Federation, International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis, Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories, Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kyiv Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), Russia currently being suspended from all international athletic competitions, 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic, The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland: Studies and Documents, Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Sultan's Raiders: The Military Role of the Crimean Tatars in the Ottoman Empire", "The Eye of the Whirlwind: Belarus and Ukraine", "Russia puts military on high alert as Crimea protests leave one man dead", "Gunmen Seize Government Buildings in Crimea", The Crimea Crisis An International Law Perspective, "UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity", "Three canyons trekking (Chernorechensky Canyon, Uzunja Canyon and Grand Crimean Canyon). As a buffer for the two conflicting blocs, Ukraine has had very difficult choices to make in the last decade. Crimea's Deputy Prime Minister hinted at the possibility. Water is clear and fresh. Russia is opposed to NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) in its backyard, a position which is non-negotiable. [81][82] In general they prohibit the sale, supply, transfer, or export of goods and technology in several sectors, including services directly related to tourism and infrastructure. At the mouth of the Bug stood Olvia. Yet, these enormous reserves of energy remain largely untapped. The southeast coast is flanked at a distance of 812 kilometres (5.07.5mi) from the sea by a parallel range of mountains: the Crimean Mountains. Between 1315 and 1329 CE, the Arab writer Ab al-Fid recounted a political fight in 13001301 CE which resulted in a rival's decapitation and his head being sent "to the Crimea",[4] apparently in reference to the peninsula,[5] although some sources hold that the name of the capital was extended to the entire peninsula at some point during Ottoman suzerainty (14411783).[6]. Ukraine's economy, resources and the clash to lay claim to the country's bountiful rare earth elements are also the motives to influence its political leanings - Russia or Europe? These are the resources that are found in the environment and are developed without the intervention of humans. [45], Crimea is facing an unprecedented water shortage crisis.[46][47]. ", "Crimea opens the largest and most beautiful airport in Russia's south", "New terminal of Simferopol airport opened at Crimea", "Australia imposes sanctions on Russians after annexation of Crimea from Ukraine", "Japan imposes sanctions against Russia over Crimea independence", "EU sanctions add to Putin's Crimea headache", "Special Economic Measures (Ukraine) Regulations", "Australia and sanctions Consolidated List Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade", "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on the alignment of certain third countries with the Council Decision 2014/145/CFSPconcerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine", "Crimea hit by multiple sanctions as power, transport and banking communications are cut off", "Visa and MasterCard quit Crimea over US sanctions", "Sanctions trump patriotism for Russian banks in Crimea", "Kyiv vows to restore Ukrainian rule over Crimea to re-establish 'world law and order', "Results of Census: Population of Crimea is 2.284 Million People - Information agency "Krym Media", "Regions of Ukraine / Autonomous Republic of Crimea", "Census of the population is transferred to 2016", "Results / General results of the census / Linguistic composition of the population / Autonomous Republic of Crimea", administrative divisions of the Taurida Governorate, "The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897 Taurida Governorate", " Weekly . Furthermore, fossil fuels are not infinite, which means Russia has to scout additional sources of natural gases to tap. The republic also possesses two oil fields: one onshore, the Serebryankse oil field in Rozdolne, and one offshore, the Subbotina oil field in the Black Sea. The main agricultural products of Crimea are cereals, vegetables, and wine. The economy continues to depend heavily on natural resources and to be plagued by corruption and crony capitalism. However, Ukraine, which has the US' support, can thrive and capitalise on its natural resources. Everything else is the ruins of an ancient city. However, ironically enough, Ukraine depends on gas imports and it is primarily because the USSR began extracting gas on a large scale in Siberia in the 1970s. [59], The most important industries in Crimea include food production, chemical fields, mechanical engineering, and metalworking, and fuel production industries. In Photos: Amazing Ruins of the Ancient World, Video - World War II Underwater Graveyard Discovered. [1] The peninsula is almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. To the west Karkinit Bay separates the Tarkhankut Peninsula from the mainland. When . Ukraine was the fifth largest exporter of iron ore in the world in 2019 and in the same year, iron ore was the third most-exported product in the country. Cattle, poultry and sheep breeding are also important and Crimea is home to a variety of natural resources like salt, porphyry, limestone, and ironstone. Given its long history and many conquerors, most towns in Crimea have several names. Crimea, the role of energy has been neglected entirely or trivialized to the level of the gas dispute between a gas owner, Russia, and the transit actor, Ukraine. Concerns over this change in political leadership led Russia to annex the Crimea, and to support a rebellion by the eastern Ukraine provinces that . 16.02.2021 12:24. [112] The 2001 Ukrainian census reports just 2,500 ethnic Germans (0.1% of population) in Crimea. Chersonesus St.Volodymyr Cathedral. * Once a flourishing and wealthy colony of ancient Greeks, a trade hub for Venetians and Genoese, a center of sciences and the arts! It's the leading nation when it comes to reserves of titanium, iron and non-metallic raw materials. For Russia, the Black Sea is of particular importance for economic and geostrategic reasons. Karasu-Bazar/Bilohorsk was a commercial center. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin may have dealt the Tatars their cruelest blow: By shipping food out of Crimea to central Russia in the 1920s, Stalin starved hundreds of thousands of Tatars. Race between Russia and the West for Ukrainian resources. This includes oil, coal, natural gas, metals, stone, sand, air, sunlight, soil, and water. Strabo (Geography vii 4.3, xi. In May 2015, work began on a multibillion-dollar road-rail link (a pair of parallel bridges) across the Kerch Strait. The North Crimean Canal now crosses it to bring water from the Dnieper. [48] As a result, the climate favors recreation and tourism. Page 72. this combines the figures for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol, listing groups of more than 5,000 individuals. Simferopol, Yalta and Alushta also have an urban and suburban trolleybus network. A major source of prosperity in these times were frequents raids into Russia for slaves. Behind it is the Syvash or "Putrid Sea", a system of lakes and marshes which in the far north extend west to the Perekop Isthmus. Photo: AxeL M, CC BY-SA 4.0. However, Ukraine's current government wants to not only join NATO but also be a part of the European Union (EU). On the south side is the large Donuzlav Bay and the port and ancient Greek settlement of Yevpatoria/Kerkinitis/Gzleve. [38] The Alma and the Kacha are the second- and third-longest rivers. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Beyond the strategic importance of Crimea and Ukraine, the situation in the region is complicated by both the abundance and scarcity of certain natural resources. Once a flourishing and wealthy colony of ancient Greeks, a trade hub for Venetians and Genoese, a center of sciences and the arts! Unlike most of the young pioneer camps, Artek was an all-year camp, due to the warm climate. By the January 1st 2014 there were 1050 thousands jobs in Crimea (Sevastopol included). The Krymchaks (but not the Karaites) were targeted for annihilation during Nazi occupation. In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the "referendum" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. The shorter Chornaya flows west to Sevastopol Bay. The natural vegetation consists of scrublands, woodlands, and forests, with a climate and vegetation similar to the Mediterranean Basin. Natural resources may also include animals, birds, fish, and . The longest river of Crimea is the Salhyr at 204km (127mi). UEFA ruled that Crimean clubs could not join the Russian leagues but should instead be part of a Crimean league system. [48] However, most of Crimea (88.5%) receives 300 to 500 millimetres (11.8 to 19.7in) of precipitation per year. [49], Most of the peninsula receives more than 2,000 sunshine hours per year; it reaches up to 2,505 sunshine hours in Qarabiy yayla in the Crimean Mountains. Simferopol/Ak-Mechet, the modern capital. According to Reuters, Crimea may nationalize oil and gas assets within its borders belonging to Ukraine, and sell them off to Russia. South: In the south, between the Crimean Mountains and the sea runs a narrow coastal strip which was held by the Genoese and (after 1475) by the Turks. [48] Maritime influences from the Black Sea are restricted to coastal areas; in the interior of the peninsula the maritime influence is weak and does not play an important role. Rivers: The longest is the Salhyr, which rises southeast of Simferopol and flows north and northeast to the Sea of Azov. Rich iron ore reserves located in the vicinity of Kryvyy Rih, Kremenchuk, Bilozerka, Mariupol, and Kerch form the basis of Ukraine's large iron-and-steel industry. Much of the natural border between the Crimean Peninsula and the Ukrainian mainland comprises the Sivash or "Rotten Sea", a large system of shallow lagoons stretching along the western shore of the Sea of Azov. [citation needed] However, there are no major international banks in the Crimea. [50] In July mean temperatures range from 15.4C (59.7F) in Ai-Petri to 23.4C (74.1F) in the central parts of Crimea to 24.4C (75.9F) in Myskhor. Points of Interest & Landmarks Churches & Cathedrals. under the crescent flag of Islam, began to be a place where Christians were persecuted. From 1853 to 1856, the Crimean War roiled the area, as France, England and the Ottoman Empire fought the Russians for control of Crimea and the Black Sea. . Russia has deployed offensive weapons and systems within striking distance of Ukraine, including main battle tanks, self-propelled howitzers, infantry fighting vehicles, multiple launch rocket systems, Iskander short-range ballistic missile systems, and towed artillery, as highlighted in Figures 1a and 1b. [52], The nearby Dnieper River is a major waterway and transportation route that crosses the European continent from north to south and ultimately links the Black Sea with the Baltic Sea, of strategic importance since the historical trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. In 2014, Crimea saw intense demonstrations[30] against the removal of the Russia-leaning Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych in Kyiv. Ores such as iron, titanium, and non-metallic raw materials are some of the country's major exports, and so are iron ore ($3.36 billion), corn ($4.77 billion), semi-finished iron ($2.55 billion), and seed oils ($3.75 billion), which are exported largely to China ($3.94 billion), Germany ($3.08 billion), and Italy ($2.57 billion), Poland ($2.75 billion), and to Russia ($4.69 billion). The loss of jurisdiction over Crimea, whose significant offshore gas resources are no longer accessible to Ukraine, means natural gas reserve . The peninsula has, throughout its long history, been occupied by ancient Greeks, Romans, Goths, Huns, Ottomans, Mongols, Venetians and Nazi Germans. The majority of auto companies are looking at lithium reserves across the world. Lithium fields in Ukraine are concentrated in Zaporizhzhia oblast (Kruta Balka area), Donetsk (Shevchenkivske field), and Kirovohrad (Polokhivske field, Dobra area). Minerals are valuable natural resources that are mineral or organic parts of the earth's crust. Under Russian rule it became a kind of riviera. Almost every settlement in Crimea is connected with another settlement by bus lines. Seventy-five percent of the remaining area of Crimea consists of semiarid prairie lands, a southward continuation of the PonticCaspian steppe, which slope gently to the northwest from the foothills of the Crimean Mountains. At the northeast point of the Sea of Azov at the mouth of the Don River were Tanais, Azak/Azov and now Rostov-on-Don. Solkhat/Staryi Krym was the old Tatar capital. But that began to change in 2014: after a popular uprising in Ukraine ousted the country's Kremlin-friendly president, Russia annexed Crimea . His freelance writing has appeared in the Los Angeles Times and TheWeek.com. Russia has been strategically developing its natural gas resources to isolate Ukraine and to make it more difficult from an economic perspective for the Unitied States and its allies to assist. By annexing Ukrainian land on the Black Sea coast, Putin also annexes the rights to any hydrocarbons found in its maritime zones. Since that time, Crimea has existed as a semi-autonomous region of the Ukrainian nation, with strong political bonds to Ukraine and equally strong cultural ties to Russia. Protests culminated in Russian forces occupying strategic points in Crimea[31] and the Russian-organized Republic of Crimea declared independence from Ukraine following an illegal and internationally unrecognized referendum supporting reunification. Russia eventually lost and ceded its claim to the peninsula, but not before the cities and villages of Crimea were ravaged. [94] In 2013, however, the Crimean Tatar language was estimated to be on the brink of extinction, being taught in Crimea only in around 15 schools at that point. As a result of the Ukrainian water blockade of Crimea, Moscow may also be . The U.S. and Europe have maintained sanctions against Russia since its initial invasion of Crimea . "We are scared for our families, for our children.". In. The most visited areas are the south shore of Crimea with cities of Yalta and Alushta, the western shore Yevpatoria and Saky, and the south-eastern shore Feodosia and Sudak. [51], The Black Sea ports of Crimea provide quick access to the Eastern Mediterranean, Balkans and Middle East. It has a population of 2.4 million. The autonomous republic was dissolved in 1945, and Crimea became an oblast of the Russian SFSR. "If there is a conflict, as the minority, we will be the first to suffer," Usein Sarano, a Crimean Tatar, told Reuters. [71] This local electricity generation has proven insufficient for local consumption and since annexation by Russia, Crimea has been reliant on an underwater power cable to mainland Russia.[72]. 1. During World War II, Crimea was downgraded to an oblast. There are more than 2,500 peat deposits (2.2 billion tons). The companies are just two of a list of bids published online by the Ukrainian Geological Survey. In the 1440s the Crimean Khanate formed out of the collapse of the horde[23] but quite rapidly itself became subject to the Ottoman Empire, which also conquered the coastal areas which had kept independent of the Khanate. During its heyday, 27,000 children a year vacationed at Artek. North of the peninsula the Dnieper turns westward and enters the Black Sea through the eastwest Dnieper-Bug Estuary which also receives the Bug River. Follow us @livescience, Facebook & Google+. Although it accounts for only 0.4% and 0.8% of the Earth's land surface and world's population respectively, the country has approximately 5% of the world's mineral resources. [48] The plains usually receive 300 to 400 millimetres (11.8 to 15.7in) of precipitation per year, increasing to 560 millimetres (22.0in) in the southern coast at sea level. In 2010, Russia negotiated an agreement that allows the country to share the all-important Sevastopol naval base through 2042, in exchange for deep discounts of about $40 billion on natural gas from Russia. Some cities became trading colonies of Genoa, until conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The city Staryi Krym ('Old Crimea'),[3] served as a capital of the Crimean province of the Golden Horde. There are two railroad lines running through Crimea: the non-electrified ArmianskKerch (with a link to Feodosia), and the electrified MelitopolSimferopol-Sevastopol (with a link to Yevpatoria), connecting Crimea to the Ukrainian mainland. A new phase of tourist development began when the Soviet government started promoting the healing quality of the local air, lakes and therapeutic muds. Despite being rich in natural resources and blessed by a favorable geographical location and a mild climate . [54], In 2016 Crimea had Nominal GDP of US$7 billion and US$3,000 per capita.[55]. If Russia. [48] In the mountains, the mean annual temperature is around 5.7C (42.3F). [citation needed] During World War II, Crimean Tatars were deported by the thousands to serve as laborers and other menial workers in Russia under inhuman conditions about half the Tatar population reportedly died as a result. The answer lies in Crimea's unique climate, diverse culture, geography and often-troubled history.
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